Summary

Encapsulation is a core oop_principle. It bundles data and methods inside a class and controls access. You keep a private_state and expose a public_interface. Typical tools are access_modifiers and getters_and_setters. The goal is data_hiding and clear class_boundaries. Clients use behavior, not implementation_details. Benefits to remember include object_integrity, simpler maintenance, and lower coupling. Think of one class as a capsule that owns its data and reveals only what is needed.