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Ram →
RAM is a specific form of system memory; understanding memory hierarchy, allocation, locality, and memory models is required to explain RAM’s role, behavior, and performance.
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Nonvolatile Memory →
Nonvolatile memory extends the general concept of memory by retaining data without power while preserving standard addressing and access semantics for persistent media.
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Volatile Memory →
Understanding general memory concepts—hierarchy (caches to RAM), allocation, locality, and memory models—is required to correctly define, characterize, and use volatile memory, which loses state without power.
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Main Memory →
Main memory specializes the general concept of memory to volatile, byte-addressable RAM used by running programs, defining its position in the hierarchy (between CPU caches and storage) and its latency/bandwidth/capacity constraints that shape allocation and access patterns.
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Cache Memory →
Cache memory is a specialized high-speed tier that stores copies of data from main memory and depends on memory addressing, coherence, and locality to reduce effective access latency.
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Rom →
ROM is a specific, non-volatile form of memory; understanding memory hierarchy, addressing, and access semantics is required to grasp ROM’s read-only behavior, mapping, latency, and role in firmware storage.